Russian space agency activities on the problem of technogenic space debris

Abstract

In this paper the main directions and the major results of the activities on the problem of technogenic near-earth space (NES) orbital debris are discussed. With regard to monitoring the NES debris environment, the following issues are considered: the catalogue of space objects which includes objects in the geostationary ring, orbital debris models, and ground- and space-based observations. For the protection of spacecraft and Space Station from debris particles multilayer and other shields are used, as well as avoidance manoeuvres. Important issues are the determination of the location of impacts and restoration of the station wall tightness. The BUFFER program has been developed for the risk assessment of impacts of orbital debris particles with the Space Station. Measures are taken to reduce technogenic pollution of NES which include those to prevent launch vehicles and spacecraft explosions. Special attention is placed on the safe utilization of the geostationary orbit. From the results of these studies regulatory documents are issued.