Abstract
The article describes the evolution and the crisis of the rural old-developed non-black soil zone (i.e., Nechernozemye), the differences between suburban and peripheral areas as exemplified by the Kostroma and other regions, basic models of economic contraction, as well as prospects for revival by urban residents.
Highlights
Polarization of space in RussiaIn the past 20 years, Russia has gone through a difficult period: reform, crisis, and recovery from the crisis with a change of development paradigm
CONCLUSIONS the end of the XX and the beginning of the XXI centuries are characterized by increasing economic polarization present in the rural areas of Russia, both during the crisis of the 1990s and during recovery from it
Selective recovery from the crisis is evident and gives a clear idea of which regions in Russia can be a sound base for agriculture
Summary
In the past 20 years, Russia has gone through a difficult period: reform, crisis, and recovery from the crisis with a change of development paradigm. Even in the European old-developed non-black soil zone of Russia (i.e., Nechernozemye), the area of economic and socio-demographic decline expanded because of the long-term depopulation and migration of the active part of the population to cities. Agriculture was the main industry defining the character of the non-black soil zone and the state and collective farms were the main organizers of local life, reforms in forestry of 1990s-2000s have significantly affected the rural life It is especially true because in the north of European Russia, and in the old-developed areas, along the sub-Taiga axis of Novgorod–Kirov– Perm, there was a network of remote forestry settlements, where the sole employer and the organizer of the local life was timber industry. The most affected are those peripheral areas of the non-black soil territories that are remote from the main routes and do not fall within the area of raw materials supply for large timber processing enterprises
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