Abstract
In the second decade of the 20th century, Russian Formalism emerged as a reaction against academic research and opposed the Symbolists' view on form and content. The Formalists introduced the concept of literariness, which prepared the way for a science of literature, as well as the concept of defamiliarization. For them the literary text should be examined solely on literary grounds, and the aim of art was to make objects unfamiliar by increasing the difficulty and duration of perceptual effect. They also established a clear distinction between poetic and practical language, as well as between story and plot. The movement encountered strong Marxist opposition and disappeared by 1930.
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