Abstract

ABSTRACT Russian communications intelligence has a long history. Although originally focused on supporting the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it subsequently expanded to include at least the Ministry of Internal Affairs as well as the Army and the Navy. Navy comint in the Baltic Sea area, in fact, was so thoroughly developed in World War I that operations undertaken by the Baltic Sea Fleet were almost always successful. A large part of the credit goes to A. I. Nepenin as chief of the Baltic Sea Fleet Communications and Intelligence Service. *Reprinted from CRYPTOLOG (of the National Security Agency), January 1984, pp. 1–12.

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