Abstract

The gas industry is perhaps Russia’s least reformed major sector. Prices are regulated, exports are monopolised and the domestic market is dominated by a state-controlled, vertically integrated monopolist, OAO Gazprom. Gazprom combines commercial and regulatory functions, and maintains tight control over the sector’s infrastructure and over information flows within it. The sector as it is currently constituted is highly unlikely to be able to sustain sufficient output growth to satisfy both rising export commitments and domestic demand. There is significant potential for accelerating the growth of non-Gazprom production and making gas supply in Russia more competitive, but this will require fundamental reform. The proposals for reform advanced in the paper address two sets of issues. First, there is an urgent need to increase transparency in the sector and transfer many of the regulatory functions now performed by Gazprom to state bodies. Secondly, there is a longer-term need for a ... Le secteur du gaz en Russie : L'attente interminable pour des reformes? L’industrie du gaz est peut etre le secteur majeur le moins reforme en Russie. Les prix sont reglementes, les exportations sont effectuees par un monopole, et le marche interieur est domine par OAO Gazprom, un monopole verticalement integre sous controle de l’Etat. Gazprom melange des fonctions commerciales et de reglementation, et controle etroitement aussi bien l’infrastructure que les flux d’information a l’interieur du secteur. De ce fait il est fortement improbable que le secteur dans sa forme actuelle soit capable d’atteindre une croissance de la production suffisante pour satisfaire aussi bien les engagements croissants d’exportations et la demande domestique. Le potentiel pour accroitre la croissance de la production de gaz par d’autres producteurs que Gazprom, et de rendre l’offre de gaz en Russie plus competitive, est fort. Mais l’exploitation de ce potentiel va necessiter des reformes fondamentales. Les reformes proposees dans cet article concernent deux types de ...

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