Abstract
The article relates to the geopolitical rivalry in the Arctic unwound in the recent years between the United States and Russia. Both countries claim leading positions here considering the Arctic as a region where the commercial production of hydrocarbon resources is eventually possible. Climate change breaks new ground for the shipping development in the Arctic. It stands to reason that Russia and the United States have redoubled their attention to the Arctic merchant shipping development and are enhancing naval vessels commissioning. Russia and the United States have made significant progress in this regard. However, changes in world politics, growth of contradictions in the world economy have led to stepping up policy of Russia and the United States in the Arctic. To defend their interests, Russia and the United States adopted a series of documents indicating the Arctic policy avenues. The article examines both Russia and the United States approaches to the policy implementation in the Arctic, as well as the future challenges facing the countries. The author finds that the geopolitical rivalry between the leading Arctic states for the Arctic will continue. Being unable to establish commercial production in the Arctic, Russia and the United States will implement the increased focus on the military sphere. The creation of the necessary military infrastructure, the construction of new vessels will become a key objective for both states. In addition, Russia and the United States will expand support for Arctic shipbuilding, which is seen as the main instrument for promoting their economic interests.
Highlights
Since early 21st century, the rivalry betweenRussia and the United States for the Arctic has exacerbated
The impetus for this was the discovery of large hydrocarbon deposits on the shelf of the Arctic seas and global warming [1]
Later did the Arctic and non-Arctic states begin to place their attention on other Arctic problems [2]
Summary
Russia and the United States for the Arctic has exacerbated. The impetus for this was the discovery of large hydrocarbon deposits on the shelf of the Arctic seas and global warming [1]. The document said that “the Arctic is directly “the new ice fleet should satisfy the full range related to the security of the United States, and of tasks for national and economic security, the central focus of American policy is the de- including the promotion of exploration and ployment of a flexible combat group, which exploitation of resources, laying and maincould provide a competitive advantage in this taining submarine cables” [27]. The PSC’s mission will be to pro- ditional measures intended to expand the navide ongoing access to both polar regions and val forces capabilities, provide military works, 2021;8(2):182191 and continue to form military units, prepared for operations in Arctic conditions All these plans were reflected in the documents, developed in the countries during the 2020–2021 timeframe. In March 2021, the United States published the “Regaining Arctic Dominance” document [35], noted that the Arctic had the potential to become a contested space where United States’ great power rivals, Russia and China, sought to use military and economic power to gain and maintain access to the region at the expense of US interests [35]
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