Abstract
Abstract An internationally renowned writer born in India to a Muslim family, who studied and lived in England, Salman Rushdie has produced fiction and nonfiction that provocatively addresses a range of controversial issues, such as politics, religion, secularism, colonialism, empire, democracy, and freedom of expression. He has published eleven novels, a collection of short stories, three works of nonfiction, and a memoir, Joseph Anton (2012). Among his best‐known novels are Midnight's Children (1981) and The Satanic Verses (1988), both of which use magic realism. Midnight's Children , telling the story of India's independence from the United Kingdom, catapulted Rushdie to global fame. The Satanic Verses led to a decree or fatwa issued by the Ayatollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, calling for Rushdie's death. Rushdie's writings have been used by postcolonial studies scholars to theorize ideas such as hybridity and migration. His work has been translated into over 40 languages.
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