Rushdie and the Problem of Exile

Dr Shadan Jafri

doi:10.24113/ijellh.v9i2.10910

Abstract

Exile in the words of Wallace Stevens, is “a mind of winter” in which the pathos of summer and autumn as much as the potential of spring are nearby but unobtainable. Exile originated in the age-old practice of banishment. Once banished, the exile lives an anomalous and miserable life, with the stigma of being an outsider. Although it is true that anyone prevented from returning home is an exile, some distinctions can be made among exiles, refugees, expatriates and émigrés. Edward Said, in his work, Reflections on Exile, writes, “Refugees…are a creation of the twentieth-century state.” The word “refugee” has become a political one, suggesting large herds of innocent and bewildered people requiring urgent international assistance, whereas “exile” carries with it, I think, a touch of solitude and spirituality. Expatriates voluntarily live in an alien country; usually for personal or social reasons…An émigré is anyone who emigrates to a new country. (181) In this paper, I will take up Salman Rushdie and his experience of exile and try to analyse and differentiate the two kinds of exiles he underwent in his career.

Highlights

Our ancient literature, mythology and history contain popular, heroic, romantic, glorious, even triumphant episodes in an exile’s life
(181) In this paper, I will take up Salman Rushdie and his experience of exile and try to analyse and differentiate the two kinds of exiles he underwent in his career
The exile’s new world, is often “unnatural and its unreality resembles fiction.”(181) Georg Lukacs, in The Theory of the Novel wrote that the novel as a literary form is created out of the unreality of ambition and fantasy

Summary

Introduction

Mythology and history contain popular, heroic, romantic, glorious, even triumphant episodes in an exile’s life. The second book that Rushdie wrote in writing was The Moor’s Last Sigh (1995), his fifth novel; and again highly controversial.

Results

Conclusion