Rus Halk Edebiyatında Memorat Türü

Abstract

Traces of ancient beliefs and superstitions have been preserved in the folk literature. Folk literature contains a lot of information about agriculture, animal husbandry, family beliefs and rituals or animism. Mythological characters are also found in many folkloric genres such as fairy tales, legends and tales. Specifically, such assets appear in stories called ilan memorates at. The memorate type includes demonological and extraordinary beings, which are generally found at a lower level within the framework of mythic understanding. In this context, the concepts of “lower” and “upper” mythology accepted in Russian folklore are also discussed. In the Russian language "superstitious memorates" (bilichka), as well as the term "superstitious fabulat" (bivalshina) is also available. In Russian folklore in 1915, Boris and Yurii Sokolov first touched on the concept of “bilichka” in his work “Tales and Songs of the Belozersk Region” (Skazki i pesni Belozerskogo kraya). Among the scientists working on Russian memorates are S. Sadovnikov, N.E. Onchukov, D.K. Zelenin, L.N. Vinogradova,. Ye.Ye. Levkiyevskaya, S. M. Tolstaya is known. In the study, the classification, structure, features and various functions of the memorat type present in Russian folk literature are examined. In addition, some memorats were translated from Russian into Turkish. The study of the memorat genre is of great importance for ethnographers, historians and folk-writers.