Abstract
Thegrowthanddevelopmentofmicroorganismsarestimulatedbyexternalstimuli. Urbanization has changed the macroenvironment and individual microenvironmental factors such as smoking, alcohol, and diet, which can alter the microbiota and influence disease in the mother and child. However, the microbiome difference between rural and urban mothers and its effect on neonates have received little attention, as per sources; we have not found any systematic review. This review determined the microbiome difference between rural and urban mothers and its effect on neonates.Fivestudies selected based oninclusion/exclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, and evidence-based comparisons were made to establish the microbiome difference in rural and urban mothers and its effect on neonates. The study findings indicate that microbiome development in newborns is hindered by urbanization. Infantsborn to urban mothers have reduced microbial diversity, thereby having decreased protective immunity.
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