Rural pharmacist and consumer perspectives of expanded pharmacy services to address inequity in accessing health services.

Abstract

Australians living in rural and remote communities have inadequate access to health services, contributing to poorer health outcomes compared to their metropolitan counterparts. This study investigated consumers' and pharmacists' perspectives of expanded pharmacy services in rural and remote communities in Australia. It aims to identify the role of the pharmacist in addressing the inequity of access to healthcare through the provision of expanded services in rural and remote practice. A concurrent parallel mixed-methods study was undertaken in rural Western Queensland, Australia to include a survey of 167 consumers and in-depth interviews with 10 pharmacists. Quantitative data analysis employed descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, while qualitative data were analysed thematically against the constructs of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Consumers indicated that they would like to access weight management services (53%), whereas pharmacists thought it was important to offer respiratory clinics and services. Both pharmacists and consumers would like to see diabetes checks (30% and 56%, respectively) and vision, hearing, and ear checks (40% and 53%, respectively) implemented as services in community pharmacies. Most consumers (97%) believe pharmacists have the skills and knowledge to deliver expanded services and in doing so, they would improve the overall health of the community. Pharmacists reported staffing availability, workload and time constraints, cost, and jeopardizing inter-professional relationships as barriers to implementing expanded services. Consumers were supportive of pharmacists working to their full scope of practice to provide expanded services, whereas pharmacists, while open to the idea, highlighted that there were barriers to overcome.