Rural Nonfarm Employment in Developing Countries

Abstract

Previous articleNext article No AccessRural Nonfarm Employment in Developing CountriesDennis Anderson and Mark W. LeisersonDennis Anderson Search for more articles by this author and Mark W. Leiserson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 28, Number 2Jan., 1980 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/451170 Views: 51Total views on this site Citations: 73Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1980 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Michael Dolislager, Thomas Reardon, Aslihan Arslan, Louise Fox, Saweda Liverpool-Tasie, Christine Sauer, David L. Tschirley Youth and Adult Agrifood System Employment in Developing Regions: Rural (Peri-urban to Hinterland) vs. Urban, The Journal of Development Studies 57, no.44 (Sep 2020): 571–593.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2020.1808198Qi Zhang, Ying Wang, Shiqi Tao, Richard E. Bilsborrow, Tong Qiu, Chong Liu, Srikanta Sannigrahi, Qirui Li, Conghe Song Divergent socioeconomic-ecological outcomes of China’s conversion of cropland to forest program in the subtropical mountainous area and the semi-arid Loess Plateau, Ecosystem Services 45 (Oct 2020): 101167.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101167Tšepiso A. Rantšo, Moipone Makhobotloane The Contribution of Lesotho Dairy Products to the Livelihoods of Dairy Farm Households in Maseru and Berea Districts in Lesotho, International Journal of Rural Management 24 (Jun 2020): 097300522093038.https://doi.org/10.1177/0973005220930383Cristian Vasco, Rodrigo Valdiviezo, Herman Hernández, Valdano Tafur, David Eche, Estefanía Jácome Off-Farm Employment, Forest Clearing and Natural Resource Use: Evidence from the Ecuadorian Amazon, Sustainability 12, no.1111 (Jun 2020): 4515.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114515Alexandra Yost, Li An, Richard Bilsborrow, Lei Shi, Xiaodong Chen, Shuang Yang, Weiyong Zhang Mechanisms behind concurrent payments for ecosystem services in a Chinese nature reserve, Ecological Economics 169 (Mar 2020): 106509.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106509A. Michailidis, D. Lazaridou Non-farm Employment: A Key Challenge to Achieve Zero Hunger, (Dec 2019): 1–11.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69626-3_33-1Anastasios Michailidis, D. Lazaridou Non-farm Employment: A Key Challenge to Achieve Zero Hunger, (Jun 2020): 573–583.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95675-6_33Sudarshana Bordoloi Introduction, (Jul 2020): 1–27.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4503-0_1Sudarshana Bordoloi Rural Nonagricultural/Nonfarm Sector in the International Development Studies Literature, (Jul 2020): 29–65.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4503-0_2Sudarshana Bordoloi The Political Economy of Uneven Development and the Rural Nonfarm Sector, (Jul 2020): 275–310.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4503-0_8Qi Zhang, Richard E. Bilsborrow, Conghe Song, Shiqi Tao, Qingfeng Huang Rural household income distribution and inequality in China: Effects of payments for ecosystem services policies and other factors, Ecological Economics 160 (Jun 2019): 114–127.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.02.019Ying Wang, Richard E. Bilsborrow, Qi Zhang, Jiangfeng Li, Conghe Song Effects of payment for ecosystem services and agricultural subsidy programs on rural household land use decisions in China: Synergy or trade-off?, Land Use Policy 81 (Feb 2019): 785–801.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.057Aslihan Arsalan, David Tschirley, Michael Dolislager, Thomas A. Reardon, Louise Fox, Lenis Saweda Liverpool-Tasie, Sauer Christine Youth Agrifood System Employment in Developing Countries: A Gender-Differentiated Spatial Approach, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2019).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3520554Sudarshana Bordoloi The Rural Nonfarm Sector in Flexible Capitalism: The Coir Industry in Kerala, India, Human Geography 10, no.11 (Feb 2020): 50–66.https://doi.org/10.1177/194277861701000105Yuanxiang Liu Pushed out or pulled in? Participation in non-farm activities in rural China, China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no.11 (Feb 2017): 111–129.https://doi.org/10.1108/CAER-11-2015-0166Cristian Vasco Pérez, Richard Bilsborrow, Bolier Torres Income diversification of migrant colonists vs. indigenous populations: Contrasting strategies in the Amazon, Journal of Rural Studies 42 (Dec 2015): 1–10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.003Shuchi Benara Misra, O. P. Shukla Rural non-farm employment in Maharashtra: trends and determinants (1993–94 to 2009–10), The Indian Journal of Labour Economics 58, no.33 (Aug 2016): 405–432.https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-016-0030-7Adebayo M Shittu Off-farm labour supply and production efficiency of farm household in rural Southwest Nigeria, Agricultural and Food Economics 2, no.11 (Jul 2014).https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-014-0008-zSharri Byron Examining Foreign Aid Fungibility in Small Open Economies, Open Economies Review 23, no.44 (Jul 2011): 675–712.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-011-9209-1Yang-Ming Chang, Biing-Wen Huang, Yun-Ju Chen Labor supply, income, and welfare of the farm household, Labour Economics 19, no.33 (Jun 2012): 427–437.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2012.03.004D. Headey, D. Bezemer, P. B. Hazell Agricultural Employment Trends in Asia and Africa: Too Fast or Too Slow?, The World Bank Research Observer 25, no.11 (Feb 2010): 57–89.https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkp028Scott T. Yabiku, Sarah Schlabach Social Change and the Relationships Between Education and Employment, Population Research and Policy Review 28, no.44 (Nov 2008): 533–549.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-008-9117-2Manoj Kumar Is Rural Non Farm Sector the Last Resort for Employment in India?, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2008).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1109228Gina Koczberski, George N. Curry Making a living: Land pressures and changing livelihood strategies among oil palm settlers in Papua New Guinea, Agricultural Systems 85, no.33 (Sep 2005): 324–339.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.014Dennis Tao Yang Education and allocative efficiency: household income growth during rural reforms in China, Journal of Development Economics 74, no.11 (Jun 2004): 137–162.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.12.007D. M. A. H. Senaratne Three Decades of Sustainable Agricultural Systems (SAS) in Sri Lanka: A Review of Institutional and Policy Issues, Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 21, no.33 (Feb 2003): 61–83.https://doi.org/10.1300/J064v21n03_06Nirankar Srivastav Rural Non-Farm Employment in India: Spatial Variations and Temporal Change, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2002).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1825046Jean O. Lanjouw, Peter Lanjouw The rural non-farm sector: issues and evidence from developing countries, Agricultural Economics 26, no.11 (Oct 2001): 1–23.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2001.tb00051.xJose Graziano da Silva, Mauro Eduardo Del Grossi Rural Nonfarm Employment and Incomes in Brazil: Patterns and Evolution, World Development 29, no.33 (Mar 2001): 443–453.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00103-0Noor Azlan Ghazali The Asia Pacific Regional Economic Crisis: A Diagnosis, Humanomics 17, no.11 (Jan 2001): 156–179.https://doi.org/10.1108/eb018867OTAVIO VALENTIM BALSADI MUDANÇAS NO MEIO RURAL E DESAFIOS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL, São Paulo em Perspectiva 15, no.11 (Jan 2001): 155–165.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-88392001000100017Christopher B. Barrett, Thomas A. Reardon Asset, Activity, and Income Diversification Among African Agriculturalists: Some Practical Issues, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2001).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.257344Thomas Reardon, J. Edward Taylor, Kostas Stamoulis, Peter Lanjouw, Arsenio Balisacan Effects of Non-Farm Employment on Rural Income Inequality in Developing Countries: An Investment Perspective, Journal of Agricultural Economics 51, no.22 (Nov 2008): 266–288.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2000.tb01228.xYusheng Peng Agricultural and Nonagricultural Growth and Intercounty Inequality in China, 1985-1991, Modern China 25, no.33 (Aug 2016): 235–263.https://doi.org/10.1177/009770049902500301 Ayal Kimhi Institutional Environment, Ideological Commitment, and Farmers' Time Allocation: The Case of Israeli Moshavim Kimhi, Economic Development and Cultural Change 47, no.11 (Jul 2015): 27–44.https://doi.org/10.1086/452385 J. P. Leones and S. Feldman Nonfarm Activity and Rural Household Income: Evidence from Philippine Microdata Leones et al., Economic Development and Cultural Change 46, no.44 (Jul 2015): 789–806.https://doi.org/10.1086/452374Akira Ishida, Azizan Asmuni Poverty eradication and income distribution in Malaysia, Journal of Contemporary Asia 28, no.33 (May 2007): 327–345.https://doi.org/10.1080/00472339880000191Colin Simmons, Salinder Supri Rural development, employment and off-farm activities: A study of rural households in Rurka Kalan development block, North-west India, Journal of Rural Studies 13, no.33 (Jul 1997): 305–318.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(97)00020-XThomas Reardon Using evidence of household income diversification to inform study of the rural nonfarm labor market in Africa, World Development 25, no.55 (May 1997): 735–747.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(96)00137-4 Dennis Tao Yang Education and Off‐Farm Work Yang, Economic Development and Cultural Change 45, no.33 (Jul 2015): 613–632.https://doi.org/10.1086/452293 Pierre-André Chiappori Introducing Household Production in Collective Models of Labor Supply, Journal of Political Economy 105, no.11 (Oct 2015): 191–209.https://doi.org/10.1086/262071Colin Simmons, Salinder Supri Off-Farm Activities and Employment Generation in Rural India: a Case Study of Household Enterprises in Jalandhar District, Punjab, South Asia Research 16, no.22 (Oct 1996): 175–203.https://doi.org/10.1177/026272809601600204Gillian Hart The agrarian question and industrial dispersal in South Africa: Agro‐industrial linkages through Asian lenses, Journal of Peasant Studies 23, no.2-32-3 (Jan 1996): 245–277.https://doi.org/10.1080/03066159608438614Habib Ahmed, Susan M. Randolph Liquidity constraints, productivity, employment and output: evidence from non-agricultural activities in Bangladesh, The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 4, no.33 (Nov 1995): 283–304.https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199500000024Tulus Tambunan Forces behind the growth of rural industries in developing countries. A survey of literature and a case study from Indonesia, Journal of Rural Studies 11, no.22 (Apr 1995): 203–215.https://doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(95)00008-BDenise Hare Rural nonagricultural activities and their impact on the distribution of income: Evidence from farm households in Southern China, China Economic Review 5, no.11 (Mar 1994): 59–82.https://doi.org/10.1016/1043-951X(94)90015-9Gustav Ranis, Frances Stewart Rural nonagricultural activities in development, Journal of Development Economics 40, no.11 (Feb 1993): 75–101.https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(93)90105-VGanesh Thapa, Keijiro Otsuka, Randolph Barker Effect of modern rice varieties and irrigation on household income distribution in Nepalese villages, Agricultural Economics 7, no.3-43-4 (Oct 1992): 245–265.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1992.tb00216.xThomas Reardon, Christopher Delgado, Peter Matlon Determinants and effects of income diversification amongst farm households in Burkina Faso, Journal of Development Studies 28, no.22 (Jan 1992): 264–296.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389208422232Steven Haggblade The flip side of fashion: Used clothing exports to the third world, Journal of Development Studies 26, no.33 (Apr 1990): 505–521.https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389008422167Steven Haggblade, Peter Hazell, James Brown Farm-nonfarm linkages in rural sub-Saharan Africa, World Development 17, no.88 (Aug 1989): 1173–1201.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(89)90232-5Dennis Anderson Infrastructure pricing policies and the public revenue in African countries, World Development 17, no.44 (Apr 1989): 525–542.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(89)90260-XCarl Liedholm, Peter Kilby The Role of Nonfarm Activities in the Rural Economy, (Jan 1989): 340–366.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19746-0_16J. Hinderink, M.J. Titus Paradigms of Regional Development and the Role of Small Centres, Development and Change 19, no.33 (Jul 1988): 401–423.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1988.tb00308.xBruce KOPPEL THE FUTURE OF OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE TO RURAL ASIA, The Developing Economies 26, no.22 (Mar 2007): 103–124.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.1988.tb00125.xGavin W. Jones Urbanization Trends in Southeast Asia: Some Issues for Policy, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 19, no.11 (Aug 2009): 137–154.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463400000370Richard E. Bilsborrow, Thomas M. McDevitt, Sherrie Kossoudji, Richard Fuller The impact of origin community characteristics on rural–urban out-migration in a developing country, Demography 24, no.22 (May 1987): 191–210.https://doi.org/10.2307/2061629 Charles M. Becker , Edwin S. Mills , and Jeffrey G. Williamson Modeling Indian Migration and City Growth, 1960-2000, Economic Development and Cultural Change 35, no.11 (Oct 2015): 1–33.https://doi.org/10.1086/451571Rita Schneider-Sliwa, Lawrence A. Brown Rural-nonfarm employment and migration: Evidence from Costa Rica, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 20, no.22 (Jan 1986): 79–93.https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(86)90031-5Lawrence A. Brown, Victoria A. Lawson Rural-destined migration in Third World settings: A neglected phenomenon?, Regional Studies 19, no.55 (Feb 2007): 415–432.https://doi.org/10.1080/09595238500185421Lawrence A. Brown, Victoria A. Lawson Migration in Third World Settings, Uneven Development, and Conventional Modeling: A Case Study of Costa Rica, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 75, no.11 (Mar 2010): 29–47.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1985.tb00056.xGavin W. Jones Links Between Urbanization and Sectoral Shifts in Employment in Java, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 20, no.33 (Aug 2006): 120–157.https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918412331334722John M. Antle Human capital, infrastructure, and the productivity of Indian rice farmers, Journal of Development Economics 14, no.11 (Jan 1984): 163–181.https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(84)90048-8D. B. FREEMAN, G. B. NORCLIFFE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE RURAL NONFARM AND SMALL FARM SECTORS IN CENTRAL PROVINCE, KENYA, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 75, no.11 (Jan 1984): 61–73.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1984.tb00127.xGlen Norcliffe Operating characteristics of rural non-farm enterprises in Central Province, Kenya, World Development 11, no.1111 (Nov 1983): 981–994.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(83)90059-1 Derek Byerlee , Carl K. Eicher , Carl Liedholm , and Dunstan S. C. Spencer Employment-Output Conflicts, Factor-Price Distortions, and Choice of Technique: Empirical Results from Sierra Leone, Economic Development and Cultural Change 31, no.22 (Oct 2015): 315–336.https://doi.org/10.1086/451323Hans-Rimbert Hemmer Zur Notwendigkeit einer zwischen städtischen und ländlichen Regionen differenzierenden Grundbedürfnispolitik, (Jan 1983): 160–173.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68979-6_15Dennis Anderson Small industry in developing countries: A discussion of issues, World Development 10, no.1111 (Nov 1982): 913–948.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(82)90034-1 Josef Gugler Overurbanization Reconsidered, Economic Development and Cultural Change 31, no.11 (Oct 2015): 173–189.https://doi.org/10.1086/451311Alfonso Peter Castro, N.Thomas Hakansson, David Brokensha Indicators of rural inequality, World Development 9, no.55 (May 1981): 401–427.https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(81)90035-8 Bibliography, (Jan 1981): 329–381.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-026305-2.50019-XG.B. Norcliffe, D.B. Freeman Nonfarm Activities in Market Centres of Central Province, Kenya, Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 14, no.33 (Mar 2014): 503–517.https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1980.10803801Hanns Wienold Marginalisierte und Überflüssige. ‚Kleinstbauern‘ und ‚Landlose‘ in Brasilien, (): 127–144.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90862-5_10