Abstract
The International Energy Agency states that access to electricity is an essential condition for sustainable human development, however, it is estimated that approximately 22% of the world population (about 1.6 billion people) does not have access to electricity, a significant part of these people live in rural areas of developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, despite the fact that Africa has enormous potential in renewable and non-renewable energy sources. In Mozambique, approximately 50% of the population does not have access to electricity due to the fact that 66.6% of the population lives in rural areas, where the rate of access to electricity is even worse, paradoxically, Mozambique has a significant potential for renewable energy sources equivalent to 23 TW, this potential when combined with factors such as commitment to ensuring access to electricity for all, forecast of population growth and electricity demand, generates huge investment and long term business opportunities in the electricity sector, however, there are economic, social and cultural challenges that constitute uncertainties that should be considered in the decision-making process for investment in rural electrification infrastructure in the specific context of Mozambique and Sub-Saharan Africa in general. This article aims to discuss the possibilities that Mozambique has to guarantee access to electricity for all by 2030 (emanating from United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7) emphasizing land use plans and education for rural electrification benefits through the use of renewable energy sources.
Highlights
Access to electricity is a fundamental and indispensable condition for ensuring the industrial and socioeconomic development of communities around the world, over 22% of the world population does not have access to electricity, [1,2,3]
According to [1, 4] it is estimated that 57% of the African population does not have access to electricity due to the fact that about 80% of the African population lives in rural areas without electricity infrastructure, despite the availability of a huge variety of renewable and non-renewable energy sources
For [5] the African continent is running against clock to increase access to electricity, which on the one hand is challenged by rapid population growth estimated to increase from approximately 1 billion in 2016 to approximately 2.4 billion in 2050, and on the other hand, challenged by large-scale investments and rapid growth of the extractive industry, modernization of the residential sector and socioeconomic development of African society, are just a few examples that challenge African leaders and governments to seriously invest in electricity infrastructure
Summary
Access to electricity is a fundamental and indispensable condition for ensuring the industrial and socioeconomic development of communities around the world, over 22% of the world population (corresponding to approximately 1.6 billion people) does not have access to electricity, [1,2,3]. It was within the global panorama of access to energy that the United Nations Organization defined the Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG-7) declaring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all by 2030, it is globally proven that without access to energy sources it is not possible to achieve sustainable industrial and socioeconomic development [2, 7]. (i) Rapid population growth and rural electrification (Forecast for Mozambique);
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