Rupture length of the sinus membrane after 1.2 mm puncture and surgical sinus elevation: an experimental animal cadaver study

Abstract

To evaluate the rupture length of the sinus membrane after applying a defined 1.2 mm defect comparing 3 different techniques: Summers lift, balloon-assisted technique (BASL), and hydrodynamic ultrasonic cavitational sinus lift (HUCSL). Thirty fresh sheep heads (60 maxillary sinuses) were investigated. The sinus membrane was ruptured using a 1.2 mm pilot drill. Then Summers lift, BASL, and HUCSL were each performed on 20 sinuses, creating a 5 mm vertical lift of the sinus membrane. The length of the ruptured sinus membrane was measured before and after the experiment. The results of the different sinus lift techniques were compared using t tests. The t test showed that the Summers lift leads to a significantly higher rupture length (P = .05) than BASL. The comparison between Summers lift and HUCSL showed a significantly higher rupture length with the Summers lift (P < .005). The same significance (P < .005) was found when BASL was compared with HUCSL. Comparing the increasing rupture length of the sinus membrane during the experiment, the t test showed a significantly greater rupture using BASL or the Summers lift compared with HUCSL. The HUCSL technique yielded the lowest increase of rupture length compared with BASL and Summers lift. The technique therefore shows the lowest risk of a growing rupture of the sinus membrane in case of an iatrogenic puncture during preparation of the transcrestal approach.