Abstract
Diet and physical activity are thought to affect sustainable metabolic health and survival. To improve understanding, we studied survival of mice feeding a low-fat (LF) or high-saturated fat/high sugar (HFS) diet, each with or without free running wheel (RW) access. Additionally several endocrine and metabolic health indices were assessed at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. As expected, HFS feeding left-shifted survival curve of mice compared to LF feeding, and this was associated with increased energy intake and increased (visceral/total) adiposity, liver triglycerides, and increased plasma cholesterol, corticosterone, HOMA-IR, and lowered adiponectin levels. Several of these health parameters improved (transiently) by RW access in HFS and LF fed mice (i.e., HOMA-IR, plasma corticosterone), others however deteriorated (transiently) by RW access only in HFS-fed mice (i.e., body adiposity, plasma resistin, and free cholesterol levels). Apart from these multiple and sometimes diverging health effects of RW access, RW access did not affect survival curves. Important to note, voluntary RW activity declined with age, but this effect was most pronounced in the HFS fed mice. These results thus challenge the hypothesis that voluntary wheel running can counteract HFS-induced deterioration of survival and metabolic health.
Highlights
Nowadays people in modern societies live longer than ever before
Running wheel availability tended to cause a right shift of the survival curves under both diet conditions (i.e., LF (-)running wheel (RW) vs LF (+)RW p=0.072 and high‐saturated fat/high sugar (HFS) (-)RW vs HFS (+)RW p=0.081)
Www.aging‐us.com depending on developmental phase - lean mass [35,36]. It is clear from the comparison of the charts of the intake and the daily energy expenditure (DEE) data that the mismatch between the two was largest around 6 months for both the HFS and LF fed groups, when the animals were still building up lean mass (Figures 2B and 3C)
Summary
Nowadays people in modern societies live longer than ever before. The global share of individuals over 60 years increased from 9.2% in 1990 to 11.7% in 2013 and will continue to grow as a proportion of the world population, expected to reach 21.1% in 2050 [1]. Feeding an obesogenic diet rich in saturated fat and refined sugars has been shown to reduce sustainable health in humans [15] as well in many animal models [16,17,18], and clearly opposes healthy aging [19] Overconsumption of such a diet results in fat accumulation, increased energy expenditure, oxidative damage, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and derangements in neuroendocrine functioning [20,21,22,23]. For this reason, eating diets low in saturated fat and fast sugars, but with high fibered carbohydrate content instead, is believed to be a key factor for healthy aging
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