Running vacuum versus Holographic dark energy: a cosmographic comparison

Abstract

We perform a comparative study of different types of dynamical dark energy models (DDES) using the cosmographic method. Among the models being examined herein we have the Running Vacuum models (RVMs), which have demonstrated considerable ability to fit the overall cosmological data at a level comparable to the standard cosmological model, $\Lambda$CDM, and capable of alleviating the $\sigma_8$ and $H_0$ tensions. At the same time we address a variety of Holographic dark energy models (HDEs) with different options for the time (redshift)-varying model parameter $c=c(z)$. We deal with the HDEs under the double assumption of fixed and evolving holographic length scale and assess which one is better. Both types of DDEs (RVMs and HDEs) are confronted with the most robust cosmographic data available, namely the Pantheon sample of supernovae (SnIa), the baryonic acoustic oscillation data (BAOs) extracted from measurement of the power spectrum and bispectrum of the BOSS data release, and the cosmic chronometer measurements of the Hubble rate (CCHs) at different redshifts obtained from spectroscopic observations of passively evolving galaxies. Using these data samples we assess the viability of the mentioned DDEs and compare them with the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model. From cosmographic analysis we conclude that the RVMs fare comparably well to the $\Lambda$CDM, a fact which adds up more credit to their sound phenomenological status. In contrast, while some of the HDEs are favored using the current Hubble horizon as fixed holographic length, they become highly unfavoured in the more realistic case when the holographic length is dynamical and evolves as the Hubble horizon.