Runaway pacemaker in seven patients: A persisting problem

Abstract

Runaway pacemaker has been encountered in 7 patients during the past 7 years at the Texas Heart Institute. In this series, 4 patients with fixed-rate pacemakers experienced pacemaker arrhythmias because of battery depletion, and 3 had arrhythmias because of component failure. Battery deterioration was heralded by an increase in cardiac rate. Ventricular tachycardia, rapidly followed by ventricular fibrillation, occurred in 2 patients. Prompt surgical exteriorization of the failing pulse generator and connection to an external pacemaker resulted in prompt recovery in all patients. Elective generator change should be performed routinely after 24 to 30 months unless reliable serial observations of ventricular rates can be attained. This at least will reduce the lethal complications attributed to battery exhaustion. Increasing developments in the design of generators and sources of power, as well as data from pacemaker clinic follow-up and telephone pulse transmittal, are expected to decrease the frequency of this complication.