Abstract
This study determined the best proportion of dried cassava chips (local name: gaplek and palm kernel cake (PKC) with a fixed proportion of rice straw as assessed by rumen fermentation characteristics. Three rations were offered to 14 Ongole crossbred bulls (average liveweight at 200±20 kg). The rations were mixtures of rice straw, gaplek, and PKC at ratio of 20:70:10 (T1), 20:50:30 (T2), and 20:30:50 (T3). and 2% urea was added to each ration. Ruminal fluid samples were obtained 0 hours before feeding at week 14 to measure pH and analyze VFA, NH3-N, and microbial N concentrations. Rumen pH was not changing (range 7.1 - 7.5). The T2 and T3 treatments showed lower total VFA concentrations (P<0.05) than T1 treatment (71.6 and 70.3 vs. 88.4 mM, respectively). The highest NH3-N concentration (P<0.05) was shown by T2 and there were no significant differences between T1 and T3 treatments. The greatest microbial N concentration was shown by T3 treatment, and was followed by T2 and T1. It can be concluded that a high inclusion of gaplek caused no adverse rumen digestion characteristics. A safe combination of rice straw, gaplek, and PKC was at a proportion of 20:30:50.
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