Rumen and post-abomasal disappearance in lactating cows of amino acids and other components of barley grain treated with sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde or urea

Abstract

Four rumen and duodenum cannulated, Holstein lactating cows were used in a change-over design to determine the effects of NaOH, formaldehyde (HCHO) or urea treated barley on disappearance of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA), NDF, ADF and starch of barley in the rumen, post-abomasal (PAT) and total tract by the mobile nylon bag technique. Experimental treatments were coarse milled barley, barley treated with 35 g NaOH/kg, barley treated with 4 g formaldehyde/kg and barley treated with 35 g urea/kg, in which all chemical treated barley was milled coarse before feeding. NaOH treatment reduced concentrations of lysine and cystine in the barley grain. All chemical treatments decreased rumen disappearances of barley CP but only NaOH and formaldehyde treatments also decreased total AA and some of the AA disappearances in the rumen. All chemical treatments increased DM, OM, CP, starch, NDF and ADF disappearance of barley in the PAT, but only NaOH and formaldehyde treatments increased total AA and most individual AA disappearances in the PAT. Chemical treatments increased disappearance of starch, methionine and glycine in the total tract (P<0.05). Rumen disappearance of TAA was lower than for CP but PAT disappearance of TAA was more than for CP and finally total tract disappearance of TAA was more than for CP. Individual AA in barley disappeared at different rates in the rumen and PAT. Consequently, the proportion of digesta CP and AAs of barley, entering the intestine were changed by the chemical treatments. We concluded that, appropriate treatment of barley with NaOH or HCHO were provided substantial protection of CP and individual AA from rumen digestion and increased disappearance of most of barley nutrients in PAT, but, NaOH treatment reduced the AA quality of barley. Consequently, formaldehyde can therefore be considered better than NaOH and urea for treatment of barley grain.