Abstract
Research on protests and social movements in China has mushroomed alongside the rising occurrences of mass incidents. What drives up citizens’ protest potential, however, has led to two competing theories: the “rights consciousness” view and the “rules consciousness” view. By fitting structural equation model on a nationally representative survey dataset, this paper specifies and estimates these two competing explanations of an individual’s protest potential. This paper finds that rights consciousness drives up individuals’ propensity to protest, whereas rules consciousness depresses it. Furthermore, this paper shows latent measures/social values instead of explicit measures/political values to be effective predictors of protest potential. These research findings have important implications for comparative research on the relationship between values and political behavior in authoritarian regimes beyond the China case.
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