Abstract
Ruellia tuberosa L. is a therapeutic plant that is generally consumed in Indonesian traditional medicine to prevent or cure various illnesses, i.e., diabetes. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydroethanolic root extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. on the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. In this study, male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: healthy rats (group 1), diabetic rats (group 2), and treated rats which received extract at dosages of 250 (group 3), 375 (group 4), and 500 (group 5) mg/kg body weight for 21 days. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by the administration of five doses of streptozotocin 20 mg/kg body weight within five consecutive days. Significant increases in the value of TNF alpha expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Furthermore, severe histological alterations of kidney tissues occurred in the diabetic rats group. After treatment was applied, the value of TNF alpha expression and MDA levels on the kidney decreased considerably (p < 0.05) in groups 3, 4, and 5. The optimum dosage was obtained at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (group 3), which had 42.24% and 52.70% decrease in TNF alpha expression and MDA levels, respectively. The histopathological profiles of the kidney also showed significant improvements in treated groups. The most prominent recoveries were also shown in group 3. The treatments induced repairment in the glomerular and renal tubular damages in the kidney tissues. To conclude, these results emphasize potentially health valuable properties of hydroethanolic root extracts of R. tuberosa L. in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders described by hyperglycemia that occurs due to defects such as insulin secretion, decreased sensitivity of insulin receptors, or both. is disease is considered as a serious health problem in the world because it is predicted that the number of people with DM will continue to increase each year [1]
In Diabetic nephropathy (DN), protein leak into the urine is a result of glomerular damages that linked to raised levels of creatinine and blood urea [7]. e development of DN eventually will result in the final step of renal failure [8]
Phytochemical screening tests conducted on this study discovered that R. tuberosa L. roots extracted with ethanol and water containing mostly phytosterol and flavonoid compounds [21, 22]. e hydroethanolic root extracts of R. tuberosa L. biological and pharmacological activities on the kidney of diabetic Wistar rats have not been previously reported
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders described by hyperglycemia that occurs due to defects such as insulin secretion, decreased sensitivity of insulin receptors, or both. is disease is considered as a serious health problem in the world because it is predicted that the number of people with DM will continue to increase each year [1]. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders described by hyperglycemia that occurs due to defects such as insulin secretion, decreased sensitivity of insulin receptors, or both. In patients with DN, kidney histopathological damage is indicated by thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, expansion of mesangial cells, macrophage infiltration, damage of podocytes, and tubular epithelium disintegration [3, 4]. Oxidative stress is suggested as the major cause contributing to DN. E pathogenesis of DN can be caused by decreasing antioxidants action and increasing production of prooxidants [5]. Hyperglycemia was suspected to generate inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and Veterinary Medicine International kidney fibrosis. In DN, protein leak into the urine is a result of glomerular damages that linked to raised levels of creatinine and blood urea [7]. In DN, protein leak into the urine is a result of glomerular damages that linked to raised levels of creatinine and blood urea [7]. e development of DN eventually will result in the final step of renal failure [8]
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