RuCl3 Catalyzed and Uncatalyzed Oxidative Decolorization of Acid Orange 7 Dye with Chloramine-B in Acid Medium: Spectrophotometric, Kinetic and Mechanistic Study

Abstract

Acid orange 7, chemically known as sodium 4-[(2E)-2-(2-oxonaphthalen-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]benzenesulfonate, is extensively used for dyeing textiles, paper and leather. The discharge of wastewater containing this dye, causes environmental and health related problems. Therefore, in the present research, we have developed optimum conditions for the facile oxidative decolorization of this dye with sodium N-chlorobenzenesulfonamide or chloramine-B (CAB). The kinetics and mechanism of oxidative decolorization of acid orange 7 dye with CAB in acidic medium have also been studied spectrophotometrically at 303 K in the presence and absence of RuCl3 catalyst. Under similar experimental conditions, the reaction exhibits a first-order dependence of rate each on [CAB]o and [dye]o, and an inverse-fractional-order dependence on [H+] for both the RuCl3 catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions. The order with respect to RuCl3 is fractional. Activation parameters have been computed. Dielectric effect is negative in both the cases. Oxidation products of the acid orange 7 dye are identified as 1,2-naphthoquinone and benzenesulfonic acid by GC–MS data. The RuCl3 catalyzed reaction is about four fold faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. The chemical oxygen demand value of the dye was determined. The mechanistic pathways and kinetic modelings have been computed based on experimental results. The developed oxidative decolorization method is expected to be helpful to treat acid orange 7 dye present in wastewater after suitable modifications. The stoichiometry of the reaction is in the mole ratio of 1:1(AO7:CAB) in both the cases as shown given below