Abstract

The discovery that homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), a DNA repair defect present in tumours with BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations, can prevent affected cells from overcoming replicative or drug-induced DNA double-strand breaks both suggested a new therapeutic possibility and explained the observed heterogeneity of chemotherapy effectiveness in women with ovarian cancer. Oral PARP inhibitors were predictably active against BRCA1/2-mutated tumours, by disrupting other DNA repair mechanisms,1 an effect known as synthetic lethality.

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