Abstract
The particle size effect on partial hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene over Ru/ZrO2 catalysts is reported. Uniform Ru nanoparticles (NPs) with a tunable particle size from 2.4 to 5.4 nm were synthesized by a polyol reduction method and deposited on ZrO2. The catalysts were characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), N2 physisorption, H2 chemisorption, temperature-programmed desorption of H2 (H2-TPD), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the type of polyol and the concentration of additive (sodium acetate trihydrate) imposed remarkable effect on the particle size of Ru. A distinct particle size effect occurred in partial hydrogenation of benzene. With the size of the Ru NPs increasing, the hydrogenation activity of benzene increased, and the initial selectivity ( S 0) to cyclohexene showed a volcanic-type variation tendency, which revealed that the optimal Ru size for obtaining the highest S 0 is 4.4 nm. The Ru/ZrO2 catalyst reduced by 1,2-propanediol exhibited the highest S 0 (82%) and the yield of cyclohexene (39%). Based on the characterization results, the size effect of Ru on the activity and selectivity is discussed.
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