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Abstract
A heteroleptic [Ru(terpy)2]2+ (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) complex was electrochemically polymerized to give the corresponding metal-containing conducting polymer on gold and glassy carbon electrodes. The polymerization of the Ru(II) complex was allowed by a terthiophene functionalization on one of the two terpy coordinating fragments, whereas the presence of -COOH substituents on the second terpy ligand enabled the film to immobilize a tyrosinase enzyme by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Then, the Ru(terpy) conducting polymer worked as a transducer as well as an immobilizing agent in the design of amperometric biosensors for the determination of epinephrine. The electrochemical behavior of enzymatic sensors containing Ru(terpy)-based conducting polymers was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Analytical performances and kinetic parameters were calculated, suggesting a potential application of the reported biosensors in the determination of epinephrine in pharmaceutical products.
Highlights
Here we report the application of a Ru-containing conducting polymer in the construction of tyrosinase-based biosensors for the selective determination of epinephrine
The tyrosinase was immobilized on the modified electrode by cross-linking it with glutaraldehyde
The tyrosinase was immobilized on the modified electrode according to Baluta et al [16] through a physical absorption process followed by cross-linking between enzyme molecules using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent
Summary
An efficient immobilization can be achieved by different approaches: physical adsorption, cross-linking, covalent bonding, or entrapment in gels or membranes All these methods aim to obtain a stable anchoring of the enzyme, the possibility to use the biosensor many times while retaining a constant quality in the analytical response in terms of sensitivity, linear dynamic range, limit of detection, and selectivity. Entrapping an enzyme into a CP film can be achieved during the electrochemical polymerization in a solution containing both the monomer and the enzyme, or through a suitable functionalization of the polymer film [2,3,4,5] Such an approach allows an effective immobilization of the enzyme, but it is sometimes not suitable because the conditions of polymerization can often cause a total or partial loss of the catalytic activity of the enzyme [6,7]. The use of CPs-based electrochemical biosensors in the detection of neurotransmitters is becoming more relevant
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