Abstract
Ru-doped barium strontium titanate (BSTR) perovskites (Ba0.5Sr0.5Ti1-xRuxO3-δ, x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) (BSTR) were evaluated as cathode materials for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from wet H2 and dry N2. Phase crystallinity and the electrochemical properties of BSTR were analyzed. The BSTR structure is stable in low oxygen partial pressure, possibly as a result of its cubic nature. Doping Ru on the B-site of the BST improves its electrochemical properties, because increasing replacement of Ti4+ by Ru4+ causes a decrease in ohmic resistance. Introduction of Ru4+ ions on the B-site of the BST increased catalytic activity for the ammonia synthesis reaction. An electrochemical cell using BSTR as the cathode (Ni/BaCe0.4Zr0.4Y0.2O3 (BCZY)/BCZY/BSTR) exhibits a maximum ammonia formation rate of 1.1 × 10−9 mol s−1 cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 5.9% at 500 °C under an applied voltage of 1.2 V; short-term stability tests showed high stability.
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