Abstract

Compared to the global catastrophies which occurred after both world wars, the system’s change in Eastern Europe after 1989 developed in an optimal way: The whole Soviet bloc was affected by the peaceful revolution. There were some communist remainders in the world, but none were powerful enough to defend the socialist world system by force. While some had willingly opened their country to the capitalist world market (China), others did so reluctantly after some wavering (Cuba, Vietnam). North Korea seemed to be the last rampart of stubborn communist conservatism, but the conflict about its duties resulting from the non-proliferation treaty showed that even it was no longer able to live unaffected by foreign influences and pressures as an island in the ocean of a world market economy. The system’s change was implemented without bloodshed, with the one exception of Romania. Solidarity in the victorious Western world was greater than the feeling of triumph. The West was overburdened by helping so many new and liberated states at the same moment. Considerable economic help to the former second world was given at the expense of the Third World, as scarce resources had to be divided between the two non-atlantic worlds. The first world did not remain unaffected by this global change, especially by the new wave of west-bound migration and the intrusion of mafia networks which outdid former Italian or Irish networks in brutality and aggressiveness.

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