Abstract
The theoretical models of Weiner (attributional theory of motivation), Seligman/Abramson (learned helplessness), and Bandura (self-efficacy) are presented. The models are compared with respect to maladaptive and adaptive attributional patterns. A maladaptive attributional pattern refers to persons who constantly attribute their negative outcomes to the internal factors of low ability or lack of skills and/or attribute positive outcomes to luck or other external factors. It can be concluded from the presented research experiments relevant to the three models, that attributional retraining methods have been consistently successful in increasing student’s performance.
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