Abstract
ABSTRACT:Â The wide address space provided by Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) lets any thing to be identified uniquely. consistency of the modified version of IPv6 protocol stack with smart objects, facilitated the Internet interconnection of the networks of smart objects and introduced Internet of things. A smart object is a small micro-electronic device that consists of a communication device, a small microprocessor and a sensor or an actuator. A network made of such devices is called low-power and lossy network. RPL routing protocol that is consistent to IPv6, is designed to be used in these kinds of networks. Load balancing is not considered in the RPL design process. Whenever RPL is used in large scale low-power and lossy networks some nodes will suffer from congestion and this problem severely degrades network performance. In this paper, we consider solutions provided to tackle RPL load balancing problems. Load balancing algorithms and protoclos are evaluated through simulation. We evaluate IETF RPL implementation and LB-RPL method with Contiki OS Java (COOJA) simulator. They are assessed comprehensively through metrics such as Packet delivery Ratio, Average End to End delay, and Gateway Throughput. LB-RPL improves RPL in terms of Packet delivery Ratio and throughput but increases Average End to End delay. Simulations results show that RPL load balancing needs extensive works to be performed yet.
Highlights
The digital revolution in the twenty-first century is more impressive than the past digital revolution
IETF assigned a ROLL working group to determine the appropriate routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks according to the documented requirements with headings of routing requirements for home, building, industry and urban automation [1619]
RPL routing protocol was designed in the modular form based on a large set of requirements listed in different documentation
Summary
The digital revolution in the twenty-first century is more impressive than the past digital revolution. They were ordered to determine how to transmit IPv6 packets on IEEE 802.15.4 communication links and how to implement and configure IPv6-based sub-networks [8] Another group was established to standardize IPv6-based routing protocol independent of the communication link of equipment with limited resources [911]. Advances achieved in terms of microcontrollers, power, and microelectronics technology motivated industry to benefit IP-based smart devices (called Smart Objects) services on the Internet. These services contain data created by humans and data highly related to the physical world including sensor data, monitoring and control machines, and other types of physical items. This will be achieved by simplifying IPv6 capabilities and header compression format and by taking the nature of wireless networks into account [14]
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