Abstract
The identification and quantification of the phenolic contents of methanolic extracts of three Salvia L. species namely S. brachyantha (Bordz.) Pobed, S. aethiopis L., and S. microstegia Boiss. and Bal. were evaluated using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, UV adsorption, and mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/MS). In order to determine the antioxidant capacity of these species, cupric ions (Cu2+) reducing assay (CUPRAC) and ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing assay (FRAP) were performed to screen the reducing capacity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed for evaluation of the radical scavenging activity for both solvents. In further investigation, the antimicrobial activities of Salvia species were tested using the disc diffusion method against three Gram-positive and four Gram-negative microbial species, as well as three fungi species. The results showed that there is a total of 18 detectable phenols, the most abundant of which was kaempferol in S. microstegia and rosmarinic acids in S. brachyantha and S aethiopis. The other major phenols were found to be apigenin, luteolin, p-coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid. All species tested showed moderate and lower antioxidant activity than standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extracts of Salvia species revealed a wide range of antimicrobial activity. S. brachyantha and S. microstegia showed the highest antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis, whereas S. aethiopis was more effective on Y. lipolytica. None of the extracts showed anti-fungal activity against S. cerevisiae. Thus these species could be valuable due to their bioactive compounds.
Highlights
Plants contain many bioactive phenolic compounds, which have biological activity including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
Plant extracts have been used to treat many diseases and their mode of action may well have been based on the phenolic compound content [36,37]
We investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the phenolic compounds of three Salvia species from Turkey
Summary
Plants contain many bioactive phenolic compounds, which have biological activity including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. They have many health benefits and can help in preventing. Phenolic compounds are the main group of phytochemicals found in plants. They are widely distributed as second metabolites derived from phenylalanine or tyrosine amino acids [3,4]. Depending on the number of phenolic units, the location and the number of hydroxyl group, the phenolic family includes over 8000 compounds [3,5]. The majority of natural antioxidants are phenolic compounds [10]
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