Abstract
The effective uptake of antigens (Ags) by specialized M cells of gut‐associated lymphoid tissues is an important step in inducing an efficient intestinal mucosal immune response. In this study, royal jelly (RJ) was found to stimulate the differentiation of M‐like cells from human Caco‐2 cells in an in vitro M cell model. Furthermore, RJ and protease‐treated royal jelly (pRJ) efficiently enhanced transcytosis of FluoSpheres® carboxylate‐modified microspheres from the apical side to the basolateral side in the model. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of pRJ to induce efficient mucosal immune responses in an in vivo nonhuman primate. Continuous oral administration of commercially available pRJ resulted in a significant enhacement of the antigen‐specific IgA response in stool sample. Interestingly, Caco‐2 monolayer assay demonstrated that ether extracts from pRJ efficiently increased the expression level of a universal M cell marker, glycoprotein 2 (gp2). These findings suggest that pRJ exhibits mucosal immunomodulatory properties via stimulation of effective uptake of Ags through M cells.
Highlights
M cells in Peyer’s patches (PPs) are instrumental in initiating mucosal immunity against antigens (Ags) invading across epithelial barriers (Kraehenbuhl and Neutra 2000)
An intentional increase in the number of M cells in PPs or the enhancement of efficient transport of luminal Ags has a possibility of inducing the effective mucosal immunity against the Ags
Some studies showed that mucosal vaccine delivery can be improved using appropriate M-cell targeting molecules such as lectins, its peptide mimetics and antibodies (Abs) specific to a fucose moiety presented at the surface of mouse M cells (Wang et al 2005; Nochi et al 2007; Misumi et al 2009; Mishra et al 2011)
Summary
M cells in Peyer’s patches (PPs) are instrumental in initiating mucosal immunity against antigens (Ags) invading across epithelial barriers (Kraehenbuhl and Neutra 2000). RJ Exhibits Mucosal Immunomodulatory Properties the enhancement of efficient transport of luminal Ags using functional foods or supplements that are taken orally in daily life may provide an alternative strategy to induce an effective Ags-specifc mucosal immunity.
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