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Abstract
Recent technological advances have provided us with the knowledge that when one evaluates the number of genes or cells in the average human, only 10% are mammalian and the rest are microbial.(1, 2) The recent development of non-culture-based-techniques to evaluate microbial DNA is providing new insights into the relationship that exists between microbes and their mammalian hosts, especially the microbes that reside in the gastrointestinal tract(2). Manipulation of the microbial environment of the gastrointestinal tract using probiotics has been considered a means to promote health and prevent disease. Probiotics, according to Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) definition, are: “Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host.” Probiotics are commonly found in certain fermented foods or supplements with specially added active live cultures, such as in yogurt and dietary supplements. Specific health effects attributed to probiotics that are currently being investigated include alleviation of diarrheal illness, constipation, urogenital infections, atopic diseases, and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).(3)
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