Abstract
The Brazilian Savannah, also known as Cerrado Biome, is a hotspot for Brazilian biodiversity. The hypothesis tested in this study is that there are diverse routes of soil uses for agriculture production in Cerrado, derived mainly from areas with pasture (natural and planted) due to the decrease in Cerrado deforestation in the last 20 years (from 2000 to 2020). The aim of this study was (i) to determine the profile of crop production in Brazilian Cerrado; (ii) to demonstrate the routes of soil uses during the last 20 years; (iii) to demonstrate the increase of soybean and corn production in Cerrado. The design of the study was based on data of (i) the accumulation of biomass and carbon in Cerrado; (ii) production area and yield of corn, soybean, coffee, sugarcane, cotton, and pasture (natural and planted); (iii) Cerrado deforestation. Results showed that the vegetation of Cerrado promotes a higher accumulation of biomass and carbon on the subsurface, followed by accumulation in the surface, deadwood, and litter. In the last 20 years, there has been a reduction of 75% in deforestation and an increase of 66% in crop areas and 78% in crop yield. However, there was no clear reduction in deforestation specifically in the Matopiba region. In Minas Gerais/MG, Goiás/GO, and Mato Grosso/MT, there were higher productions of coffee/MG, soybean/MT, corn/MT, sugarcane/MG-GO, and cotton/MT. Planted pasture (and not natural pasture) covered the larger areas, representing 75% of the total area with pasture. The low routes of soil uses from deforestation to (i) planted pasture and (ii) crop production explained the decrease in deforestation. The increases in yield and crop areas are explained by the routes from pasture (planted and natural) to agriculture. Our results provided clear insights that programs of Cerrado preservation should continue the decrease of deforestation with the sustainable development in agriculture, mainly in the Matopiba region where there was no clear decrease in deforestation in the last 20 years.
Highlights
The exploitation and conservation of natural resources are frequently discussed globally, mainly in developing countries, due to the pressure of progress and rapid economic development [1]
The biomass accumulated on surface, subsurface, deadwood, and litter represents a percentage of 29%, 39%, 16%, and 16%, respectively, in accumulated total (Figure 2A)
Low routes of soil uses explain the decrease of deforestation, with low routes from deforestation to (i) planted pasture and (ii) crop production with r-fluxes lower than 0.19 (p < 0.05). These results indicated that the crop production and planted pasture were not directly responsible for the deforestation in the last 20 years
Summary
The exploitation and conservation of natural resources are frequently discussed globally, mainly in developing countries (like Brazil), due to the pressure of progress and rapid economic development [1]. Meyfroidt and Lambin showed that the global rates of tropical deforestation are decreasing (after 2000) with a tendency to transition from deforestation to reforestation. Between August 2018 and July 2019, the Amazônia and Cerrado lost 16.1 thousand km of forest, both biomes located in Brazil [5]. Cerrado is the Portuguese word that describes central Brazil’s plateau with woodlands, savannas, grasslands, galleries, and dry forests [6]. Cerrado occupies about 24% of the Brazilian territory, with approximately 200 million hectares [7]. Cerrado is considered a Brazilian hotspot due to the high biodiversity of plants and animals (endemic), and several anthropogenic threats [9]
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