Abstract
Electric trams are one of the standard forms of public transport. They are characterized by large amounts of electric current and electric current gradient from the power grid, especially during acceleration. For this reason, a regenerative braking system is considered with the aim of reducing electric current peaks and increasing energy efficiency by reducing the total energy consumption of the power grid. A supercapacitor module is used as a storage device for storing and utilizing the braking energy. The supercapacitor module and the power grid constitute a hybrid energy system, for which a control algorithm has been developed. The control algorithm takes into account the influence of the elevation profile and the slope of the vehicle route in storing and using the braking energy. The operation of the algorithm was simulated and analyzed using the MATLAB/Simulink software package for tram lines with different elevation profiles.
Highlights
Electric rail transport is one of the most popular forms of public urban transport, due to its cost-effectiveness and low carbon footprint
This paper presents an algorithm for storing and utilizing the energy of regenerative tram braking, which takes into account the track elevation profile
Prior to the analysis, simplified models of the rail vehicle, the power grid, and the supercapacitor were developed for the MATLAB/Simulink software package
Summary
Electric rail transport is one of the most popular forms of public urban transport, due to its cost-effectiveness and low carbon footprint. In [17], the case of integrating a battery and a supercapacitor in a tram and optimizing the speed profile, depending on the known data about the operation of traffic lights, is considered in order to increase the energy efficiency and the travel time By applying this algorithm, about 22.3% energy saving is achieved. This paper presents an algorithm for controlling a tram regenerative braking system with a supercapacitor module (SC) as an energy storage, which increases the energy efficiency of the vehicle and reduces the impact of the vehicle on the supply network. The algorithm stands out because it takes into account the influence of gravitational force on the vehicle, while still providing energy savings and increased grid stability despite driving uphill and downhill and being subject to urban traffic with automobiles. Depending on the tram’s speed and the track’s slope, the tram model outputs the total traction power of the vehicle
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