Abstract
A series of 26 tests was performed on a riprap layer in which median round-shaped stones ranging from 32.3 to 99.1 mm (from 1.27 to 3.90 in.) were subjected to overtopping flow conditions. Embankment slopes range from 10 to 45% with median stone sizes ranging from 23.9 to 104.2 mm (from 0.94 to 4.1 in.). The database was analyzed, yielding a unique expression in which the median size of a round-shaped stone can be predicted as a function of the unit discharge, embankment slope, and coefficient of uniformity. It was determined that the requisite round-shaped stones range from 5 to 42% larger than angular stones to stabilize the riprap layer for similar flow conditions with unit flows of 0.2 cm/s and slopes of 40%. The maximum deviation between rounded and angular-shaped stone may approach 70% as flow and bed conditions are extrapolated.
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