Abstract
The Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR) process was introduced commercially in the early 1970’s, with over 500 plants now in operation (from 6 m3/d to 24,000 m3/d). EDR is a symmetrical and reversible membrane demineralisation technique using ion exchange resins in sheet form. It has several advantageous characteristics for functioning well on all types of waters to be found in Europe. Aspects of EDR equipment design are explained. Operational results of representative European pilot plant trials and commercial plants show low power consumption, high water recovery, no chemical dosing and relative freedom from fouling even in severe conditions. Mineral removal is 85–95% depending on analysis and temperature. The economic benefits of the use of EDR as a roughing demineraliser upstream of ion exchange are presented.
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