Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is highly toxic and one of the problematic impurities in industrial gas streams, calling for H2S removal down to single-digit ppm levels to protect health and environment, and not to harm to the downstream processes. Here, we discuss the recent developments and challenges of current H2S removal technologies. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive review of H2S removal in ionic liquids (ILs), IL-based solvents/adsorbents/membranes, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) due to their unique advantages. We analyze theoretical studies to better understand the microscopic details behind H2S removal. We discuss new research on IL/DES-based H2S removal processes from an industrial perspective. Finally, we summarize the utilization of H2S in IL/DES-based systems for the recovery of sulfur and hydrogen, and synthesis of value-added chemicals. This review will provide both general and in-depth knowledge of the achievements, difficulties, and research priorities in developing novel ILs/DESs for efficient and sustainable H2S removal and utilization.
Highlights
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is regularly present in biogas, natural gas, refined gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and other industrial gas streams, which is one of the major problems for many industries due to its high toxicity, corrosivity, etc
The results indicated that ePC-Statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) could predict quantitatively the solubility of H2S under temperatures of 30− 80 °C and pressures up to 20 bar
The results indicated that the equation of state (EoS) can describe the phase behavior of H2S/CO2/ionic liquids (ILs) systems reliably, and the performance of propylene carbonate (PC)-SAFT is better
Summary
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is regularly present in biogas, natural gas, refined gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and other industrial gas streams, which is one of the major problems for many industries due to its high toxicity, corrosivity, etc. The H2S solubility in triethylbutylammonium N,N-dimethyl-glycinate ([N2224][DMG]) increased up to 106.1 mg-H2S/g-IL at 60 °C and 1 bar.[24] Even though some ILs show good performance, their high viscosities limit their large-scale applications To overcome this drawback, several strategies have been proposed: typically, mixing high viscosity ILs with less viscous organic solvents and/ or water,[25−27] using ILs as key components in adsorbents and membranes, such as IL/metal organic framework (IL/ MOF) composites,[28] and supported IL membranes.[29] In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), analogous to ILs, have received more attention, because they have many additional advantages, such as low cost, low environmental impact, easy preparation, and no purification required, etc.
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