Rotavirus Infection in a Secondary Hospital, Laboratory Diagnosis and Impact of Immunization on Pediatric Hospitalization Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis (diarrhea) disease among infants and young children, Rotavirus is usually an easily managed disease of childhood, infections are most common during the winter months from November to May. However, infection with rotavirus can occur anytime of the year, There are currently 2 FDA-approved rotavirus vaccines to protect against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RotaTeq and Rotarix). These vaccines are indicated in infants aged 6-32 weeks (RotaTeq) and those aged 6-24 weeks (Rotarix). OBJECTIVES: Conduct viral testing on stool samples from diarrhea patients to determine ROTA viruses that as a cause of diarrhea, and effectiveness of vaccine. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cross section study was conducted using stool samples collected from children with diarrhea (n=285) between January 2015 and December 2016. Samples were tested for rotavirus, were determined by Enzyme immunoassay, Latex agglutination. Result: two hundred eighty five stool samples from children with acute diarrhea attend to our hospital in 2015 and 2016 were examined by commercial latex and immunoenzymatic assays for the diagnosis of rotavirus infection in laboratories. for comparison, sensitivity and specificity for the latex and ELISA assays ELISA and Latex Test specificity 98.5 % Latex sensitivity 88 % to ELISA. Around 16% of our study population with diarrhea disease were diagnosed as ROTA (45/285) AMONGE THEM 89% 40/54were previous vaccinated with RTOTARIX CONCLUSION Rotavirus is an infection that causes diarrhea. It's the most common cause of diarrhea in infants and children less than 5 years old worldwide, according to the Centers for CDC Rotavirus vaccines are very effective at preventing rotavirus disease, However in our study we found most of patients were vaccinated according to national vaccination program still had a disease and the vaccination only modified disease course decrease days of hospitalization for further expanded and comparative study for types of vaccination.