Abstract
This paper presents an ANN-based rotational speed control to avoid the stalling behavior in Oscillating Water Columns composed of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator driven by a Wells turbine. This control strategy uses rotational speed reference provided by an ANN-based Maximum Power Point Tracking. The ANN-based MPPT predicts the optimal rotational speed reference from wave amplitude and period. The neural network has been trained and uses wave surface elevation measurements gathered by an acoustic Doppler current profiler. The implemented ANN-based rotational speed control has been tested with two different wave conditions and results prove the effectiveness of avoiding the stall effect which improved the power generation.
Highlights
Global energy transformation is the key to reduce climate damages
Many efforts have been invested to reduce the damages of the climate change which can be seen in the objectives set by the Kyoto Protocol (1997) to decrease polluting emissions of five greenhouse gases (GHG); methane, nitrogen oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride aside from the carbon dioxide to a minimum of 5% against the emissions documented in 1985 [3], and later with the objectives set by the 20-20-20 agenda which states that every European Country needs to achieve by 2020 a 20% emission level decrease on GHG from the 1990 numbers, a 20% renewables in the final energy consumption, and a 20% improvement of energy efficiency [4]
More analysis has been performed on the curves of the training performance of the multiple hidden layer networks with the best Mean Squared Error (MSE) labeled as ANN1 and ANN2 for adequate structure selection
Summary
Global energy transformation is the key to reduce climate damages. This transformation would help achieve a cheaper renewable power, reduction of emissions and air pollution, and increase welfare and growth. The IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 ◦ C states that during the latest decade (2009–2018) the average temperature was about 0.93 ◦ C more than the pre-industrial baseline, and during the five years (2014–2018) it was 1.04 ◦ C more than the baseline [2] For these reasons, many efforts have been invested to reduce the damages of the climate change which can be seen in the objectives set by the Kyoto Protocol (1997) to decrease polluting emissions of five greenhouse gases (GHG); methane, nitrogen oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride aside from the carbon dioxide to a minimum of 5% against the emissions documented in 1985 [3], and later with the objectives set by the 20-20-20 agenda which states that every European Country needs to achieve by 2020 a 20% emission level decrease on GHG from the 1990 numbers, a 20% renewables in the final energy consumption, and a 20% improvement of energy efficiency [4]. Considering the accelerating climate change damages, the transformation of the global energy system requires significant acceleration to reach the goals of the
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