Rotational and Gas Temperature Measurements for He-C Plasma: Application to Heterogeneous Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis

Abstract

Plasmas containing carbon cover a wide range of application, either using graphite electrodes or carbon containing plasma gas. The study of the C2 molecule is an interesting way to get information on moderate temperature part of the discharge. In the case of heterogeneous carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesis by electric arc, reasonable yield can be achieved with substitution of boron and/or nitrogen atoms by optimizing synthesis parameters. This is based on the knowledge of the plasma and gas temperatures in the synthesis chamber. While electrodes material is vaporized through the arc, nanotubes formed in the growth zone a few centimeters away, when temperature decreases down to 1200 °C–1500 °C. Molecular temperature is particularly relevant since it corresponds to the outer part of the arc, in contact with the growth zone. In this article, Abel inversion is used on side-on integrated spectral profiles for C2(0,0) Swan band, in order to get radial rotational temperature profiles. In addition, gas temperature measurements are performed using thermocouples in the arc chamber. Results show that a strong plasma temperature gradient is associated with favorable synthesis conditions for carbon-bore-nitrogen nanotubes. Gas thermal homogeneity is reached in the chamber after about 30 s, mainly through convection processes.