Rotation of the apparent vibration plane of a swinging spring at the 1:1:2 resonance

Abstract

Nonlinear spatial vibrations of a mass point on a weightless elastic suspension (pendulum on a spring) are considered. The frequency of vertical vibrations is assumed to be equal to the doubled swinging frequency (the 1:1:2 resonance). In this case, as numerical calculations and experiments show, the vertical vibrations are unstable, which leads to the vertical vibration energy transfer to the pendulum swinging energy. The vertical vibrations of the mass point decay and, after a certain time period, the pendulum starts swinging in a certain vertical plane. This swinging is also unstable, which results in the reverse energy transfer into the vertical vibration mode. The vertical vibrations are again repeated. But after the second transfer of the vertical vibration energy to the pendulum swinging energy, the apparent plane of vibrations rotates by a certain angle. These effects are described analytically; namely, the energy transfer period, the time variations in the amplitudes of both modes, and the variations in the angle of the apparent vibration plane are determined. An asymptotic solution is also constructed for the mass point trajectory in the orbit elements. In projection on the horizonal plane, the mass point moves in a nearly elliptic trajectory. The ellipse semiaxes slowly vary with time, so that their product remains constant, and the major semiaxis slowly rotates at a constant sectorial velocity. The obtained analytic time dependence of the ellipse semiaxes and the precession angle agree well with the results of numerical calculations.