Abstract
Abstract
Highlights
Thermal convection, the flow driven by a thermal gradient, is one of the most important heat transport mechanisms in many natural and industrial systems and has been studied for many decades in the well-defined Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) system (Bénard 1900; Rayleigh 1916; Kadanoff 2001; Ahlers, Grossmann & Lohse 2009b)
Reliable direct numerical simulation (DNS) data are available close to convection onset (Rac), but do not cover sufficiently large Ra ranges in the turbulent regime, in particular when Ekman layers occur at the top and bottom due to no-slip boundaries
In this paper we present a comprehensive analysis of global heat flux measurements as well as of measurements of the temperature at different vertical and radial positions for rotating RBC
Summary
Thermal convection, the flow driven by a thermal gradient, is one of the most important heat transport mechanisms in many natural and industrial systems and has been studied for many decades in the well-defined Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) system (Bénard 1900; Rayleigh 1916; Kadanoff 2001; Ahlers, Grossmann & Lohse 2009b). Reliable direct numerical simulation (DNS) data are available close to convection onset (Rac), but do not cover sufficiently large Ra ranges in the turbulent regime, in particular when Ekman layers occur at the top and bottom due to no-slip boundaries There, Stewartson layers form, in which fluid is pumped from the top and bottom towards the midheight of the cell and from there into the bulk (Stewartson 1957, 1966; Kunnen et al 2011) Another flow pattern has been found recently, which develops very close to the lateral sidewall at sufficiently fast rotation rates, termed the boundary zonal flow (BZF) (de Wit et al 2020; Zhang et al 2020).
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