Abstract
The steady three-dimensional rotating flow past a stretching/shrinking surface in water and kerosene-based nanofluids containing single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is investigated. The governing equations are converted to similarity equations, and then numerically solved using MATLAB software. The impacts of rotational, suction, and nanoparticle volume fraction on the flow and the thermal fields, as well as velocity and temperature gradients at the surface, are represented graphically and are analyzed. Further, the friction factor and the heat transfer rate for different parameters are presented in tables. It is found that the heat transfer rate increases with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction as well as suction parameter in water and kerosene-based nanofluids of single and multi-walled CNTs. However, the increment in the rotating flow parameter decreases the rate of heat transfer. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and kerosene-based nanofluid contribute to heat transfer rates better than single-walled carbon nanotubes and water-based nanofluid, respectively. A unique solution exists for the stretching surface, while two solutions are obtained for the shrinking surface. Further analysis of their stabilities shows that only one of them is stable over time.
Highlights
Researchers have begun looking for fluids with high thermal conductivity in the last few decades since traditional fluids have low thermal conductivity
Choi and Eastman [1] proposed a new fluid called nanofluid, in which solid particles with sizes ranging from 1–100 nm are dispersed in traditional fluids such as water, oil, and ethylene glycol
The findings revealed that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction improves the heat transfer rate, while employing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). as nanoparticles enhance the heat transfer over single-walled CNT
Summary
Researchers have begun looking for fluids with high thermal conductivity in the last few decades since traditional fluids have low thermal conductivity. Manjunatha et al [47] recently performed a numerical analysis to study the effect of a magnetic field on the fluid flow over a rotating disc in a nanofluid using single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanoparticles and water as the base fluid They reported that a unique solution exists, and the increase in the magnetic field caused an increase in the radial velocity and temperature. The present study aims to extend the work of Nadeem et al [34] and Salleh et al [36] by exploring the impact of rotation flow parameter, suction and nanoparticle volume fraction on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) over a permeable stretching/shrinking surface in a nanofluid. The numerical results are obtained using the bvp4c solver in MATLAB software, and a stability analysis is performed to investigate the stability of the solutions as time evolves
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