Rotating electric classical solutions of (2 + 1)D U(1) Einstein–Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory

Abstract

We study electric stationary radial symmetric classical solutions of the U(1) Einstein–Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory coupled to a gravitational massless scalar field with a cosmological constant in (2 + 1) dimensions. Generic aspects of the theory are discussed at an introductory level. We study solutions for both negative sign (standard) and positive sign (ghost) of the gauge sector concluding that although the expressions for the solutions are the same, the constants as well as the physics change significantly. A rotating electric point particle is found. For the standard sign and specific values of the parameters, corresponding to solutions with positive mass, the singularity is dressed (in the sense that itself constitutes an horizon). The spacetime curvatures can be both positive or negative depending on the dominance of the scalar or topologically massive matter. The Chern–Simons term is responsible for interesting features, besides only allowing for rotating solutions, it imposes restrictive bounds on the cosmological constant Λ such that it belongs to a positive interval and is switched on and off by the topological mass m2. Furthermore, the charge, angular momentum and mass of the particle solution are expressed uniquely as functions of the ratio between the cosmological constant and the topological mass squared x = Λ/m2. The main drawback of our particle solution is that the mass is divergent. Our background is a rotating flat space without angular deficit. We briefly discuss parity and time-inversion violation by the Chern–Simons term which is explicit in the solutions obtained, their angular momentum only depends on the relative sign between the Chern–Simons term and the Maxwell term. Trivial solutions are briefly studied holding non-singular extended configurations.