Rossiter-McLaughlin effect of a sub-Neptune in a resonant chain system

Abstract

Planetary systems in mean motion resonances hold a special place among the planetary population. They allow us to study planet formation in great detail as dissipative processes are thought to have played an important role in their existence. Additionally, planetary masses in bright resonant systems may be independently measured both by radial velocities (RVs) and transit timing variations (TTVs). In principle, they also allow us to quickly determine the inclination of all planets in the system, as for the system to be stable, they are likely all in coplanar orbits. To describe the full dynamical state of the system, we also need the stellar obliquity that provides the orbital alignment of a planet with respect to the spin of their host star and can be measured thanks to the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. It was recently discovered that HD 110067 harbours a system of six sub-Neptunes in resonant chain orbits. We will show ESPRESSO high-resolution spectroscopic time series of HD 110067 during the transit of planet c. We find the orbit of HD 110067c to be well aligned. This result is indicative that the current architecture of the system has been reached through convergent migration without any major disruptive events. Finally, we will report transit-timing variation in this system as we find a significant offset of 19 ± 4 minutes in the center of the transit compared to the published ephemeris.