Rossby rogons in atmosphere and in the solar photosphere

Abstract

The generation of Rossby rogue waves (Rossby rogons), as well as the excitation of bright and dark Rossby envelpe solitons are demonstrated on the basis of the modulational instability (MI) of a coherent Rossby wave packet. The evolution of an amplitude-modulated Rossby wave packet is governed by a one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). The latter is used to study the amplitude modulation of Rossby wave packets for fluids in Earth's atmosphere and in the solar photosphere. It is found that an ampitude-modulated Rossby wave packet becomes stable (unstable) against quasi-stationary, long-wavelength (in comparision with the Rossby wavelength) perturbations, when the carrier Rossby wave number satisfies k2 < 1/2 or (k2 > 3 or ). It is also shown that a Rossby rogon or a bright Rossby envelope soliton may be excited in the shallow-water approximation for the Rossby waves in solar photosphere. However, the excitation of small- or large-scale perturbations may be possible for magnetized plasmas in the ionosphereic E-layer.