Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease on the rise and with huge economic burden to health care systems around the globe, results from defects in insulin action (termed insulin resistance) combined with impaired insulin secretion. Current methods of prevention and treatments for insulin resistance and T2DM are lacking in number and efficacy and, therefore, there is a need for new preventative measures and targeted therapies. In recent years, chemicals found in plants/herbs have attracted attention for their use as functional foods or nutraceuticals for preventing and treating insulin resistance and T2DM. Rosemary is an evergreen shrub indigenous to the Mediterranean region and South America, which contains various polyphenols. Rosemary extract and its polyphenolic constituents have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. The current review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo studies examining the anti-diabetic effects of rosemary extract and its polyphenolic components and highlights the known mechanism of action.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease resulting from impairments in insulin action and insulin secretion [1]
Dipeptidyl peptide 4 (DDP-4) inhibitors or gliptins
This study indicated that Rosemary extract (RE) polyphenols improved outcome and minimized side effects when used in islet transplantation, further research is required to investigate their effectiveness in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease resulting from impairments in insulin action and insulin secretion [1]. Diminished insulin action and insulin secretion lead to deregulation of glucose and fat metabolism in various tissues including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver and failure to maintain normal blood glucose levels. Inhibitors or gliptins (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, andsignificant linagliptin) linagliptin) glucagon release resulting in reduced blood glucose levels, inhibit glucagon release resulting in reduced blood glucose levels, significant side effects side effects include increased risk of heart failure, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer [6]. Prior to toand andafter afterthe thediscovery discoveryof ofinsulin, insulin,herbs herbs with with hypoglycemic effects have have been beenused usedin infolk folkmedicine medicine and are still prevalent. As evidence of this concept, metformin, which is the first line of treatment and are still prevalent. This website could be utilized in plant extracts to explore the anti-diabetic potential of specific phytochemical contents of the extract
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