Rosellinia bunodes . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract

Abstract A description is provided for Rosellinia bunodes . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On arrowroot, Artocarpus integer , avocado, banana, cacao, camphor, cassava, Centrosemapubescens, Cinchona, Citrus , coffee, Colocasia antiquorum, Crotalaria, Desmodium gyroides, Dryobalanops aromatica, Erythrina , ginger, Gliricidia, Grevillea robusta, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Holigarna longifolia, Indigofera, Inga laurina, Leucaena glauca, Litsea , pepper (black), Petiveria alliacea, Phyllanthus , rattan, rubber, Schleichera trijuga , tea, Tephrosia and yams. DISEASE: Black root rot, mainly of tropical and subtropical woody hosts; plurivorous but described mostly from cacao ( Theobroma cacao ), quinine ( Cinchona spp.), coffee ( Coffea spp.), rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) and tea ( Camellia sinensis ). Wilt and death of the whole plant or single branches may be the first signs of attack. At the collar the mycelial sheet is at first cream-white shading to purplish-black and may extend well above the soil surface in damp conditions. On the root surface the firm, black, branching strands are firmly applied and thicken into irregular knots. In the cortex the strands have a black periphery and white core; in the wood they appear thread-like and black or sometimes as dots in transverse section. In culture the mycelium is white, later buff with black strands. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical America and also in Central African Republic, India (Nilgris, Maharashtra). Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Malaysia (W.), Philippines. Sri Lanka (Ceylon) and Zaire Republic (CMI Map 358, ed. 2, 1970). Additional records not yet mapped are Honduras, Panama. TRANSMISSION: As mycelium from surface oreanic litter and woody debris.