Abstract
Plants from the Rosacea family are rich in natural molecules with beneficial biological properties, and they are widely appreciated and used in the food industry, perfumery, and cosmetics. In this review, we are considering Rosa damascena Mill., Rosa alba L., Rosa centifolia L., and Rosa gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts. A literature search was performed to find materials describing (i) botanical characteristics; (ii) the phytochemical profile; and (iii) biological properties of the essential oil sand extracts of these so called “old roses” that are cultivated in Bulgaria, Turkey, India, and the Middle East. The information used is from databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Roses have beneficial healing properties due to their richness of beneficial components, the secondary metabolites as flavonoids (e.g., flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins), fragrant components (essential oils, e.g., monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes), and hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Rose essential oils and extracts with their therapeutic properties—as respiratory antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, mucolytics, expectorants, decongestants, and antioxidants—are able to act as symptomatic prophylactics and drugs, and in this way alleviate dramatic sufferings during severe diseases.
Highlights
The beauty and fragrance of rose flowers have been known since ancient times
Essential oils are a good choice of treatment that can help millions of people affected by asthma [107]
The present review of the scientific literature provides a systematic summary of the chemical composition and different pharmacological activities of four old rose species: R. damascena Mill., R. alba L., R. centifolia L., and R. gallica L
Summary
The beauty and fragrance of rose flowers have been known since ancient times. The first historical reports of roses were found in old Chinese and Sanskrit texts. We are considering R. damascena Mill., R. alba L., R. centifolia L., and R. gallica L. as raw materials important for producing commercial aromatic products, analyzing and comparing the main biological activities of their essential oils, hydrolates, and extracts as natural healers. For this purpose, information from the databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Google. Due to its widespread use in France, the first European country to adopt this type of rose from the Middle East, it was called “French” or “Provencal” It is one of the ancient oil-bearing roses, mentioned as the parent of almost all species in the Gallicanae section. In Pakistan, there is research work done which is aimed at developing expensive aromatic rose products, focusing on the extraction of R. centifolia [13]
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