Abstract
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a common disorder of human skin involving the sebaceous gland and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Although there are a number of treatments suggested for acne, many of them have limitations in their safety and have efficacy issues. Therefore, there is a high demand to develop safe and effective novel acne treatments. In the present study, we demonstrate the protective effects of Rosa davurica Pall. leaves (RDL) extract against P. acnes-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that RDL dose-dependently inhibited the growth of skin bacteria, including P. acnes (KCTC3314) and aerobic Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC1621) or Staphylococcus epidermidis (KCTC1917). The downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines by RDL appears to be mediated by blocking the phosphorylations of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and subsequent nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways in P. acnes-stimulated HaCaT cells. In a mouse model of acne vulgaris, histopathological changes were examined in the P. acnes-induced mouse ear edema. The concomitant intradermal injection of RDL resulted in the reduction of ear swelling in mice along with microabscess but exerted no cytotoxic effects for skin cells. Instrumental analysis demonstrated there were seven major components in the RDL extract, and they seemed to have important roles in the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of RDL. Conclusively, our present work showed for the first time that RDL has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects against P. acnes, suggesting RDL as a promising novel strategy for the treatment of acne, including natural additives in anti-acne cosmetics or pharmaceutical products.
Highlights
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common inflammatory skin disorders, which are caused by bacterial infections, including Gram-positive (Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis) as well as Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria [1,2]
We evaluated the molecular mechanism of P. acnes-induced inflammation and its cell signaling, such as NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), including extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38) in HaCaT cells
We showed for the first time that Rosa davurica Pall. leaves (RDL) inhibits more strongly the growth of skin bacteria, including anaerobic P. acnes (KCTC3314), aerobic S. aureus (KCTC1621) and S. epidermidis (KCTC1917), than does triclosan, an agent frequently used to treat acne
Summary
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common inflammatory skin disorders, which are caused by bacterial infections, including Gram-positive (Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis) as well as Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria [1,2]. Various therapeutic agents involving steroids and/or antibiotics have been proposed for acne, to inhibit inflammation or kill bacteria [6]. These therapeutic agents may lead to the emergence of resistant pathogens and side effects [9,10]. Treatment of acne vulgaris with commonly used antibiotics, including oral tetracycline and topical erythromycin and clindamycin, has increased the resistance of P. acnes to those antibiotics and thereby increased the likelihood of therapeutic failure [11]; the development of more efficacious and safe drugs has been strongly demanded
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